Effects of living and metabolically inactive mesenchymal stromal cells and their derivatives on monocytes and macrophages

Figure 1 Main effects of viable, inactivated, and apoptotic mesenchymal stromal cells and of mesenchymal stromal cells’ secretome and subcellular particles on monocytes and macrophages. MSC: Mesenchymal stromal cell; TSG-6: Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β; IL: Interleukin; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase.