Methods to produce induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Mesenchymal stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells

Table 4 Protocols to produce induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells by Pathway Inhibitor approaches

Ref.	iPSC origin	iPSC to iMSC protocol	Time	Application	Citations
Chen YS et al[57], 20121	Lung fibroblast	SB431542 Inhibitor Differentiation Method (feeder free); iPSC cultured in inhibitor differentiation medium: KOSR medium + SB431542 (TGFβ inhibitor)Without bFGF to enhance differentiation; Embryoid body differentiation method: (1) EB formation in KOSR medium; and (2) EB cultured with MSC medium: DMEM + 10% FCS + L-Glutamine + gentamicin + p/s	17	Generation of iMSC with TGF-beta inhibitor	136
Wei et al[59], 20121	Dermal fibroblasts	(1) EB formation through cardiac differentiation protocol involving cardiomyogenic medium CARM: High-Glucose DMEM + L-Glutamine + NEAA + Selenium Transferrin + β-ME + SB 203580 (p38-MAPK inhibitor); and (2) EB plating on gelatin-coated plates with DMEM + 2% FBS	21	Generation of iMSC	64
Fukuta et al[66], 20141	Dermal fibroblast	(1) Induction of hNCC from iPSC; (2) Cells cultured on fibronectin-coated dishes with STK2 medium + CDM (IMDM/Ham's F-12 + lipid concentrate + apo-transferrin+ monothioglycerol +BSA + insulin + p/s)+ SB431542 (TGFβ inhibitor) + CHIR (Wnt Agonist); and (3) Cells cultured with αMEM + 10% FBS	15	iMSC differentiation through neural crest lineage	80
Jeong et al[46], 20141	NA	(1) iPSCs cultured in iMSC-inducing medium: DMEM/F12 + 20% KOSR + SB431542 (TGFβ inhibitor); and (2) EB grown on matrigel + DMEM/F12 + 0.5% BSA + 10% ITS + SB431542. 3. Outgrowth grown with DMEM/F12 + 10% FBS + p/s	17	Duchene muscular dystrophy	17
Zhao et al[67], 2015	Blood cells	(1) iPSC cultured with mTeSR1 + SB431542 (TGFβ inhibitor) on matrigel-coated plates (7.5% CO2 atmosphere); and (2) Cells cultured with ESC–MSC medium: KO DMEM + KOSR + NEAA + p/s + L-Glutamine + β-ME + bFGF + EGF + SB431542	45	Tumor tropism of iMSC	79

iPSC origin refers to the cell type used for reprograming; Time is indicated as the minimum number of days required to obtain iMSCs; Citations show numbers on March 2020.

¹In references indicate the study includes methods in more than one protocol category. bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor; β-ME: β-Mercaptoethanol; BSA: Bovine serum albumin; CARM: Cardiomyogenic medium; CDM: Chemical defined medium; DMEM/F12: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium F12; CHIR: Wnt agonist, potent GSK3 inhibitor; EB: Embryoid body; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; FCS: Fetal calf serum; Ham's F12: Medium formulated for single-cell plating of near-diploid Chinese hamster ovary cells; iMSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cell; ITS: Insulin-transferrin-selenium; KO DMEM: Knockout Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; KOSR: Knock-out serum replacement; α-MEM: Minimum essential medium Eagle; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; NA: Not available; NEAA: Non-essential amino acid; p/s: Penicillin-streptomycin; TGF: Transforming growth factor.