Mechanisms involved in selecting and maintaining neuroblastoma cancer stem cell populations, and perspectives for therapeutic targeting

Figure 4 Formation of neuroblastoma cancer stem cells. Illustration of the various way cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells form in neuroblastomas, by either direct reversible phenotype plasticity from non-cancer stem cells within hypoxic tumour and pseudo-hypoxic perivascular CSC niches and/or via the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells. NB: Neuroblastomas.