Stem cell therapies in tendon-bone healing

Table 4 Summary of clinical studies using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Ref.	Study type/patient number	Cell/cell number	Method of delivery	Control	Follow up	Outcome measurement
Jo et al[82], 2013	Cohort study/124	BMSCs/-	Drilling into the bone marrow was performed in the greater tuberosity	Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without drilling	At a minimum of 2 yr	VAS, ROM, muscle strength, functional scores, MRI, CTA
Hernigou et al[84], 2014	Case-controlled study/90	BMSCs/12 mL (51000 ± 25000 cells)	BMSCs were injected into the tendon-bone interface	Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without BMSCs	At a minimum of 10 yr	ROM, muscle strength, MRI, ultrasound
Silva et al[85], 2014	RCT/43	BMSCs/-	BMSCs were injected in the tunnel	ACL reconstruction without BMSCs	3 mo	MRI
Taniguchi et al[83], 2015	Retrospective cohort study/111	BMSCs/-	Drilling into the bone marrow was performed in the greater tuberosity	Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without drilling	12-24 mo	MRI

BMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; VAS: Visual analog scale; ROM: Range of motion; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; CTA: Computed tomography arthrography; RCT: Randomized controlled trials.