Stem cell therapies in tendon-bone healing

Table 1 Summary of differentiation capacities between different mesenchymal stem cell types

MSC type	Clinical extraction methods	Osteogenic	Chondrogenic	Adipogenic
BMSCs	From the anterior iliac crest, posterior superior iliac crest, tibial tubercle, or sternum	++	++	+
SMSCs	From the knee joints and shoulder during surgery	++	++++	+++
ADSCs	Liposuction at subcutaneous adipose tissue	+	+	+++
PSCs	Stripped from the tibia	+++	+++	++

MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; BMSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; SMSCs: Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells; ADSCs: Adipose-derived stem cells; PSCs: Periosteum-derived periosteal stem cell.