Immunotherapy in the treatment of lymphoma

Table 5 Chimeric antigen receptor T cell studies

Drug [Ref.]	Target/co-stimulator	No. of patients	Study design	Study phase	Results
Axicabtagene-ciloleucel[96]	CD19/CD28	111	R/R DLBCL	2	ORR/CR: 82%/54%; DoR (FU 15.4 mo): 42%, 40% CR; 18-mos OS rate: 52% Grade ≥ 3 AEs: neutropenia 78%, CRS 13%, ICANS 28%
Tisagenlecleucel[97]	CD19/4-1BB	93	R/R DLBCL	2	ORR/CR: 52%/40%; DoR (FU 12 mo): 65%, 79% CR; Grade ≥ 3 AEs: CRS 22%, ICANS 12%, cytopenias 28%, infections 20%
Lisocabtagene-maraleucel[98]	CD19/4-1BB	344	R/R DLBCL	2	ORR/CR: 73%/53%; Grade ≥ 3 AEs: CRS 2%, ICANS 10%
Brexucabtagene-autoleucel (KTE-X19)[99]	CD19/CD28	74	R/R MCL	2	ORR/CR: 93%/67%; 1-yr PFS/ OS rate: 61%/83%; Grade ≥ 3 AEs: cytopenias 94%, infections 32%, CRS 15%, ICANS 31%
Tisagenlecleucel[100]	CD19/4-1BB	14	R/R CLL	1	ORR/CR: 57%/28%; No relapses in CR patients (n = 4). All CR patients developed CRS
Lisocabtagene-maraleucel[101]	CD19/4-1BB	23	R/R CLL (56.5% progressed after ibrutinib and venetoclax)	1/2	ORR/CR: 82%/45.5%; Grade ≥ 3 AEs: anemia 96%, thrombocytopenia 70%, CRS 9%, ICANS 22%
Axicabtagene-ciloleucel[102]	CD19/CD28	94	R/R FL, MZL	2	ORR/CR: FL 95%/80% MZL 86%/71%; Grade ≥ 3 AEs: neutropenia 33%, anemia 28%, CRS 11%, ICANS 19%

AE: Adverse event; CLL: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CR: Complete response; CRS: Cytokine releasing syndrome; DLBCL: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; DoR: Duration of response; FL: Follicular lymphoma. FU: Follow-up; ICANS: Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome; MCL: Mantle cell lymphoma; MZL: Marginal zone lymphoma; ORR: Objective response; OS: Overall survival; PFS: Progression-free survival; R/R: Relapsed/refractory.