Different kinds of stem cells in the development of SARS-CoV-2 treatments

Table 1 Resume of organoid infection models developed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 study

Ref.	Organoid infection model	Reported advantages
Yang et al[15]	hPSC-derived cells/organoids, including pancreatic endocrine cells, liver organoids, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, macrophages, microglia, cortical neurons, and dopaminergic neurons	Permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection; ACE2 expression was detected; Chemokine induction
Han et al[16]	hPSC-LOs	hPSC-LOs (particularly alveolar type-II-like cells) are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection; Robust chemokine induction; Discovery and test therapeutic drugs
	hPSC-COs	Permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection hPSC-Cos especially enterocytes, express ACE2; Discovery and test therapeutic drugs
Pei et al[18]	hAWOs and hALOs from hESCs	Permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication; Infected cells express ACE2 but not all ACE2 expressing cells were infected; Chemokine induction; Discovery and test therapeutic drugs
Yiangou et al[20]	hPSC-derived cardiac models	Permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection; Activation of the innate inflammatory response; Show contractility, electrophysiology, and sarcomeric fragmentation
Monteil et al[22]	Human capillary organoids from iPSCs; Kidney organoids from hESCs	Permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection and significantly inhibited by human recombinant soluble ACE2. ACE2 expression

hPSC: Human pluripotent stem cells; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; hPSC-LOs: Lung organoid model using human pluripotent stem cells; hPSC-Cos: hPSC-derived colonic organoids; hAWOs: Human airway organoids; hALOs: Alveolar organoids; iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells; hESCs: Human embryonic stem cells.