Epigenetic regulation of dental pulp stem cells and its potential in regenerative endodontics

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1647

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Nov 26, 2021 (publication date) through Nov 24, 2024

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Stem Cells. Nov 26, 2021; 13(11): 1647-1666
Published online Nov 26, 2021. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1647

Table 1 Enzymes related to epigenetic modifications of dental pulp stem cells activities

Proteins and their function	Epigenetic Targets	Gene manipulation of each epigenetic marker	Downstream targets	Biological process implicated	Reference
DNA methylation
TET1, demethylation		Gene activation	FAM20C	(↑) proliferation, (↑) odontoblast differentiation	[41-43]
Histone methylation
EHMT1, methylation	H3K9me2	Gene repression	Runx2	(↓) odontoblast differentiation	[51]
KMT2A, methylation	H3K4me3	Gene activation	WNT5A, RUNX2, MSX2, DLX5	(↑) odontoblast differentiation	[12,52]
EZH2, demethylation	H3K27me2/me3	Gene repression	Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, IL-6, IL-8, CCL2	(↑) Inflammation, (↓) odontoblast differentiation	[54-56]
KDM6B/JMJD3, demethylation	H3K27me3	Gene repression	WNT5A, BMP2	(↑) odontoblast differentiation	[52,58]
KDM5A, demethylation	H3K4me3/me2	Gene activation	DMP1, DSPP, OSX, OCN	(↓) odontoblast differentiation	[60]
Histone acetylation
p300, acetylation	H3K9ac		OCN, NANOG, SOX2, DSPP, Dmp1, Osx	(↑) pluripotency, (↑) proliferation, (↑) odontoblast differentiation	[14,64]
HDAC3, deacetylation	H3K27ac		Dmp1, Osx	(↓) odontoblast differentiation	[13,66]
HDAC6, deacetylation				(↓) odontoblast differentiation	[15]

TET1: Ten-eleven translocation 1; EHMT1: Euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 1; KMT2A: Lysine methyltransferase 2A; KDM6B: Lysine demethylase 6B; KDM5A: Lysine demethylase 5A; p300: E1A binding protein p300; HDAC3: Histone deacetylase 3; HDAC6: Histone deacetylase 6; H3K9me2: Dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9; H3K4me3/me2: Tri-/di-methylated histone H3 lysine 4; H3K27me2/me3: Di-/tri-methylated histone H3 lysine 27; H3K9ac: Acetylated histone H3 lysine 9; H3K27ac: Acetylated histone H3 lysine 27; FAM20C: FAM20C golgi associated secretory pathway kinase; Runx2: RUNX family transcription factor 2; WNT5A: Wnt family member 5A; MSX2: Msh homeobox 2; DLX5: Distal-less homeobox 5; CCL2: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; IL-6/-8: Interleukin 6/8; BMP2: Bone morphogenetic protein 2; DMP1: Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1; DSPP: Dentin sialophosphoprotein; OSX: Osterix; OCN: Osteocalcin; NANOG: Nanog homeobox; SOX2: SRY-box transcription factor 2.

Citation: Liu Y, Gan L, Cui DX, Yu SH, Pan Y, Zheng LW, Wan M. Epigenetic regulation of dental pulp stem cells and its potential in regenerative endodontics. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13(11): 1647-1666
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v13/i11/1647.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1647