Considerations for the clinical use of stem cells in genitourinary regenerative medicine

Figure 2 Source of stem cells used for genitourinary regenerative medicine. After extraction from various tissues, stem cells are expanded and eventually differentiated, depending on their origin, before to be reinjected to the patients or used to reconstruct genitourinary engineered tissues. DP-MSC: Dental pulp-mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSC: Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cells; SVF: Stromal vascular fraction; ASC: Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells; DFAT: Dedifferentiated fat; UCB-MSC: Umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells; WJ-MSC: Wharton Jelly-mesenchymal stem cells.