Stem cell therapy and diabetic erectile dysfunction: A critical review

Table 2 List of articles on stem cell therapy in humans with diabetic erectile dysfunction

Ref.	Study subject and n number	Type of ED	Evidence of previous DE	Type of stem cell	Source of stem cell	Stem cell characterization	Number of cells injected and site of injection	Modification	Duration of follow-up	Parameter of therapy	Conclusion
Bahk et al[61]	Impotent diabetic type 2 patients range from 57 yr to 87 yr; n = 7 in treated groups, n = 3 in controls.	Diabetic ED	Yes, by clinical diagnosis and other parameters	UCBSCs; Allogenic	Umbilical cord	Yes, by flow cytometry (CD13, CD14, CD34, CD31, CD45, CD44, CD49e, CD54, CD90, CD106, and HLA-DR)	1.5 × 107/IC	None	9 mo	IIEF-5, SEP, GAQ, erection diary, blood glucose diary	Umbilical cord blood stem cell had positive effects on ED
Levy et al[59]	Men aged 40-70 yr who had organic ED at least 6 mo; n = 8	Diabetic ED	Yes, by clinical diagnosis and other parameters	PM-MSCs; Allogenic	Placenta	Not clear	1 mL PM-MSCs /IC	None	6 wk, 3 mo, 6 mo	Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, stretched penile length, penile width, IIEF-5	The treatment may be beneficial
Al demour et al[60]	Men aged 25-65 yr who had ED at least 6 mo; n = 4	Diabetic ED	Yes, by clinical diagnosis and other parameters	BMSCs; Autologous	Iliac crest	Yes, positive for CD90, CD105, CD73, and CD44	15 × 106/IC	None	2 yr	IIEF-5, EHS	Stem cell effective and improved erectile function
Protogerou et al[62]	Male with ED due to DM, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and Peyronie’s disease; n = 5 in each group (control and ADSC treated)	Diabetic ED	Yes, by clinical diagnosis	ADSCs; Autologous	Not mentioned	Yes, alizarin red S and alcian blue staining, flow cytometry	2 × 105/IC	None	3 mo	IIEF-5, penile triplex	No difference in IIEF-5 between the case and control group, but significant between before and after treatment in both groups

ADSCs: Adipose-derived stem cells; BMSCs: Bone marrow stem cells; ED: Erectile dysfunction; GAQ: Global assessment questions; IIEF-5: International index of erectile function; PMSCs: Placental matrix stem cells; SEP: Sexual encounter profile; UCBSCs: Umbilical cord blood stem cells.