Vascularization and osteogenesis in ectopically implanted bone tissue-engineered constructs with endothelial and osteogenic differentiated adipose-derived stem cells

Figure 4 Representative Masson’s trichrome sections of ectopic osteogenic implants. Representative Masson’s trichrome sections of: A: Two-week-old BC [implants containing only bone mineral matrix (BMM) carrier]; B: Two-week-old BPUI (implants containing uninduced adipose-derived stem cells, platelet-rich plasma and BMM carrier); C: Two-week-old BPEO (implants containing simultaneously applied endothelial and osteogenic differentiated adipose-derived stem cells, platelet-rich plasma and BMM carrier); D: Eight-week-old BC implants; E: Eight-week-old BPUI implants; F: Eight-week-old BPEO implants. All images acquired at bright field. Scale bar shows 50 μm; BMM granules (orange star), cellularity (black circle), blood vessels (orange arrows), osteoblast-like cells (orange arrowhead), multinucleated giant cells (black arrowhead), hemorrhagic fields (orange circle), weave-like collagen fibers (curved double-arrow connector), regular collagen fibers (elbow double-arrow connector).