Proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a porous collagen sponge scaffold

Figure 6 Effect of transforming growth factor β1 (10 ng/mL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (10 ng/mL), growth differentiation factor 7 (100 ng/mL), or transforming growth factor β1 combined with insulin-like growth factor 1 (both at 10 ng/mL) on the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the collagen sponge-based 3D culture. The live/dead assay showed that more dead cells were observed in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-collagen sponge constructs treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) (TGF-β1 combined with insulin-like growth factor 1) for 3 d. Bars = 100 μm. Green indicates the live cells, and red indicates the dead cells. TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor β1; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; GDF-7: Growth differentiation factor 7.