Proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a porous collagen sponge scaffold

Figure 3 Effect of stimulation with transforming growth factor β1 (10 ng/mL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (10 ng/mL), growth differentiation factor 7 (100 ng/mL), or transforming growth factor beta 1 plus insulin-like growth factor 1 (both at 10 ng/mL) on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the 2D and 3D cultures. A: The protein expression levels of Col1a1, Col3a1, Tnc, and Tnmd detected by Western blot after growth factor stimulation for 12 d; B-E: The results of the densitometric analysis of the target protein expression levels were normalized to those of GAPDH. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD; n = 3. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01. TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor β1; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; GDF-7: Growth differentiation factor 7.