Adipose-derived stem cells: Pathophysiologic implications vs therapeutic potential in systemic sclerosis

Table 2 Summary of fat grafting and adipose-derived stem cell-based treatments in systemic sclerosis

No. of patients	Follow-up period	Results (face)	Ref.
1	-	Autologous fat grafting improved perioral aesthetic appearance and mouth opening	Ho-Asjoe et al[58], 1996
20	3 mo	Autologous fat grafting increased interincisal distance, oral perimeter and induced skin neovascularization	Del Papa et al[60], 2015
14	6 mo	Autologous fat grafting improved perioral skin sclerosis, facial pain, mouth opening and sicca syndrome	Sautereau et al[61], 2016
7	12 mo	Autologous fat grafting improved SSc-related microstomia and microcheilia	Blezien et al[62], 2017
16	3 mo	Autologous fat transfer significantly improved mouth opening capacity	Gheisari et al[63], 2018
1	-	Autologous fat grafting enriched with PRP improved skin trophicity	Daumas et al[13], 2020
6	3 mo	The combined use of autologous lipoaspirate and PRP improved buccal rhyme, skin elasticity, and vascularization of the perioral and malar areas	Virzì et al[64], 2017
6	12 mo	Local injection of autologous ADSCs in combination with a hyaluronic acid solution led to arrest of local disease progression, regression of dyschromia, better sensitivity, increase in skin softening and erythema reduction	Scuderi et al[23], 2013
10	12 mo	Both autologous fat grafting and ADSC-enriched hyaluronic acid gel improved mouth opening and interincisal distance	Onesti et al[65], 2016
62	6-53 mo	Autologous ADSC-enriched lipotransfer significantly improved mouth function, facial volumetric appearance and psychological outcome	Almadori et al[3], 2019

ADSCs: Adipose-derived stem cells; SSc: Systemic sclerosis; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.