Inflammatory niche: Mesenchymal stromal cell priming by soluble mediators

Figure 2 Improved in vivo therapeutic potential of inflammatory primed mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. The inflammatory niche mediators, including proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins, play a key role in triggering the reparative functions of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, influencing their paracrine secretion, proliferation, differentiation, migration and immunomodulatory potential. When applied in vivo, the improved therapeutic efficiency of inflammatory primed MSCs has been detected in various experimental models. The numbers in square brackets indicate the references. TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha; IL: Interleukin; IFN-γ: Interferon gamma; HMGB1: High mobility group box 1; Hsp: Heat shock proteins; BM: Bone marrow; MSCs: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells; UC: Umbilical cord; AT: Adipose tissue; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium.