Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells improved premature ovarian failure

Figure 5 Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation prevented follicular atresia and restored fertility in premature ovarian failure mice. A: Immunohistochemical staining showed increased anti-Müllerian hormone expression in the ovaries from the embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ES-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation groups compared with the vehicle group; B, C: The percentage of pregnancies and the numbers of pups six weeks after both cell transplantations. The intact mice had a 100% (5 of 5) pregnancy rate, producing 32 live offspring. The embryonic stem cell-derived MSCs transplanted mice had a 60% (3 of 5) pregnancy rate, producing 16 live offspring. The bone marrow-derived MSCs transplanted mice had a 40% (2 of 5) pregnancy rate, producing nine live offspring. None of the premature ovarian failure mice became pregnant. Results are expressed as mean ± standard error, ^aP < 0.05, ^eP < 0.001, n = 3-5. ES-MSCs: Embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.