Involvement of glycated albumin in adipose-derived-stem cell-mediated interleukin 17 secreting T helper cell activation

Figure 1 Glycated human serum albumin increases the levels of interleukin 17A promoted by obese adipose-derived stem cells, at suboptimal conditions. Graded concentrations of obese adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) were co-cultured in the presence of mononuclear cells (MNC) at different ratios of 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, or 1:100, with 20000 ASC for 100000 MNC. Co-cultures were activated by phytohemagglutinin A (5 µg/mL) for 48 h in the presence of 1% human serum albumin or 1% glycated human serum albumin. ELISA were performed to measure interleukin-17A production and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Bars represent the mean ± SE of 4 independent experiments performed in triplicates. The P value shown in the figure corresponds to ANOVA multivariate analysis results, and ^aP < 0.05, as obtained by Bonferroni post-hoc tests. ASC: Adipose-derived stem cells; MNC: Mononuclear cells; PHA: Phytohemagglutinin A; HSA: Human serum albumin; G-HSA: Glycated human serum albumin; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha.