Approaches to promoting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis on orthopedic implant surface

Table 4 Local control release of bioactive molecules to promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation

Bioactive molecule	Cell response	Ref.
L-DOPA	The new L-DOPA coating enhances the initial cell adhesion, mitochondrial activity, and proliferation of BMSCs on the titanium surface.	Kim et al[102]
DEX	The HA-Ti surfaces with DEX carrier system potently induce BMSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro.	Son et al[103]
SNs	The addition of SNs to the hydrogel formulation can promote bone formation when co-cultured with BMSCs.	Cheng et al[104]

L-DOPA: L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; BMSCs: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; HA: Hydroxyapatite; Ti: Titanium; DEX: Dexamethasone; SNs: Silicate nanoparticles.