Stem cell homing, tracking and therapeutic efficiency evaluation for stroke treatment using nanoparticles: A systematic review

Table 6 Stroke models induced by the photothrombosis of middle cerebral artery, brain injury evaluation and animal features

Ref.	Ischemia mechanism	Animals					n / N	Photosensitizer - rose bengal (dose; via)	Laser application parameters				Anesthesia	Brain induction area(AP; ML to Bregma in mm)	Injury evaluation
		Specie	Type	Sex	Weight(g)	Age (wk)			Time (min)	Diameter (mm)	Wavelengh (nm)	Power (W)
Lim et al[33]	PT	Mice	Balb/c nude	M	20-25	10	3-5/19	10 mg/mL; penile vein	16	NR	561	NR	Zoletil (50-30 mg/kg i.p.)	0.5; 2.5	MRI, NIRF, TTC
Wang et al[29]	PT	Mice	Balb/c nude	F	20-23	8	4-6/39	100 mg/kg	15	4	NR	NR	PB (50 mg/kg i.p)	-2.0; 2.0	MRI
Bai et al[42]	PT	Mice	Db/Db	M	NR	8	4/8	100 mg/kg; i.p.	15	NR	NR	NR	1% ISO	0.0; 2.0	MRI, NIRF
		Mice	Wild type	M	NR	8	10/20	100 mg/kg; i.p.	15	NR	NR	NR	1% ISO	0.0; 2.0	MRI, NIRF
Tarulli et al[46]	Focal devascularization	Rat	Long Evans	M	NR	8-12	3/9	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	ISO + Ketoprofen	3.0/-4.0; 1.5/4.5	MRI
Lee et al[50]	PT	Rat	Wistar	F	NR	NR	NR/22	7.5 mg/mL; tail vein	10	3	603	60	Ket. (7.5 mg/100 g) + Xyl. (1 mg/100 g)	-2.0; -3.0	MRI, TTC
Syková et al[53]	Photochemical	Rat	Wistar	M	NR	8-12	NR/NR	NR	NA	NA	NA	NA	NR	NI	MRI

Blood flow analysis was not reported in any of the selected studies that used stroke models induced by photothrombosis; due to the model induction, all studies showed permanent ischemia after occlusion induction in the specific brain region. n/N: Number of animals per group/total number of animals; W: Watts; AP: Anterior-posterior; ML: Medial-lateral; PT: Photothrombosis; Db/Db: Diabetic mice model; M: Male; F: Female; NR: No reported; i.p.: Intraperitoneal; NA: Not applicable; ISO: Isoflurane; PB: Pentobarbital; Ket: Ketamine; Xyl.: Xylamine; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; NIRF: Near-infrared fluorescence; TTC: Triphenyltetrazolium chloride.