C-C chemokine receptor type 2-overexpressing exosomes alleviated experimental post-stroke cognitive impairment by enhancing microglia/macrophage M2 polarization

Figure 5 Exo^CCR2 showed more powerful effects on CCL2-induced macrophage migration and activation in vivo and in vitro than Exo^Ctrl. A-E: Comparison of the expression levels of the CCL2, iba-1, CD68, and NF-κB proteins in samples from rats in each group (in vivo) at day 4 after transient middle cerebral occlusion, n = 6, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001; F: Schematic diagram of the transwell experiment. Immunofluorescence detection of the migrated macrophages in case of each treatment group (in vitro), n = 3; scale bar = 200 μm, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001; D-K: Comparison of the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and the expression levels of the NF-κB protein in cells from each group (in vitro), n = 3, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001.