Effects of normobaric cyclic hypoxia exposure on mesenchymal stem-cell differentiation–pilot study on bone parameters in elderly

Figure 2 Increased hypoxia time in cyclic hypoxia inhibits extracellular matrix mineralization. Mesenchymal stem cells induced to differentiate into osteoblasts were exposed to cyclic hypoxia during 1, 2 or 4 h/d (3% O₂), four days per week. At day 21, the extracellular matrix mineralization of the cultures was stained with alizarin red. A: Representative images of alizarin-red staining of cultures differentiating into osteoblasts, in normoxia or cyclic hypoxia, after 1, 2 or 4 h of hypoxia; and B: Alizarin-red quantification. ^aP < 0.05 vs normoxia (0 h of hypoxia).