Multifunctional role of microRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in treatment of diseases

Figure 1 Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted by cells and wrapped in membranes made up of lipid bilayer molecules. Exosomes contain proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances. Their proteins include heat shock proteins, MVB biogenesis proteins, cytoskeleton proteins, apoptosis, ligand, embrane transport proteins and so on. Their nucleic acids include mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, DNA, and so on. ALIX: ALG-2 interacting protein X; CXCR4: CXC-chemokine receptor 4; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HSP70: Heat shock 70 kDa protein; TSG101: Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein.