Multifunctional role of microRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in treatment of diseases

Table 2 Representative clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes

Exosome origin	Diseases	Administration method	Status	miRNAs that may be associated with MSC therapy for this disease
Allogenic mesenchymal stromal cells	Cerebrovascular disorders	Intravenous injection	Completed	MiRNA-184, miRNA-210, miR-133b, miR-17-92[81,82,162]
Allogenic adipose mesenchymal stem cells	COVID-19	Aerosol inhalation	PhaseI	Has not been reported
Allogenic mesenchymal stromal cells	Multiple organ failure	Intravenous injection	Not yet Recruiting	Has not been reported
Human UC-MSCs	Macular holes	Intravitreal injection	PhaseI	Has not been reported
Human UC-MSCs	Dry eyes	Eye drops	Phase II	Has not been reported
Adipose mesenchymal stem cell	Alzheimer’s disease	Nasal drip	Phase II	MiR-146a-5p[79]
Human UC-MSCs	Diabetes mellitus type 1	Intravenous infusion	Phase III	MiR-1908, miR-203a[80]
MSCs	COVID-19	Inhalation	Phase II	Has not been reported
Human UC-MSCs	Chronic ulcer	Applying and closed by transparent dressing	Completed	Has not been reported

UC-MSCs: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; COVID-19: Corona virus disease 2019.