Proteomic profiling of various human dental stem cells - a systematic review

Table 2 Comparative proteomic analysis amongst various human dental stem cells

Ref.	Human dental stem cells compared	Method used	Main findings
Taraslia et al[16]	SHEDs and PDLSCs	Nano-LC tandem-MS	SHEDs prevalently communicated atoms that are engaged with sorting out the cytoskeletal network, cell migration and adhesion, while PDLSCs are profoundly energy delivering cells, endlessly communicating proteins that are involved in different parts of cell metabolism and multiplication
Eleuterio et al[17]	Periodontal ligament and dental pulp	2-DE MALDI-TOF/TOF	DPSCs vs PDLSCs express differentially regulated proteins that are potentially related to growth, regulation and genesis of neuronal cells, suggesting that SCs derived from oral tissue source populations may possess the potential ability of neuronal differentiation which is very consistent with their neural crest origin
Patil et al[18]	Dental follicle, dental pulp and dental papilla	2DE coupled with MALDI-TOF MS	19 proteins either found commonly or differentially expressed among the three types of dental MSCs which were largely similar cellular properties and multilineage potential
Ma et al[19]	DPSCs and CDPSCs	2DE electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) in combination with (MALDI-TOF MS)	18 protein spots differentially expressed between DPSCs and CDPSCs; These differently expressed proteins are mostly involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cytoskeleton and motility. CDPSCs had a higher expression of antioxidative proteins that might protect CDPSCs from oxidative stress
Akpinar et al[20]	DPSCs from natal, exfoliated deciduous, and an impacted third molar tooth	2DE approach coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF	61 proteins were predominantly expressed by all three stem cell types. Classification of the identified proteins based on biological function revealed that structurally important proteins and proteins that are involved in protein folding machinery are predominantly expressed by all three stem cell lines
Wang et al[21]	DPSCs and periodontal ligament stem cells	iTRAQ technique	A total of 159 differentially expressed proteins in PDLSCs and DPSCs. GO classification terms that distinguish osteo-induced PDLSCs from DPSCs were identified. two thirds of the enriched GO terms belonged to metabolic processes and response to stimulus, suggesting that PDLSCs and DPSCs may undergo distinct metabolic changes during the differentiation process and that the differentiation induction environment could act as a stress condition. Mineralization and migration capacities of PDLSCs were greater than those of DPSCs
Guo et al[32]	Dental follicle and dental papilla cells	2DE approach coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF	12 proteins were significantly differential, and phosphoserine aminotransferase 1, isoform 2 of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and Isoform 1 of annexin A2, were the most significantly differential proteins. These proteins are related to regulation of bone balance, angiogenesis and cell survival in an anoxic environment. Both DFCs and DPCs express odontogenic, neurogenic and peridontogenic markers
Tian et al[33]	DFCs and periodontal ligament cells	2DE approach coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF	32 differentially expressed proteins in DFCs and PDLCs. PDLCs could contribute to regenerate dentin-like tissues in the inductive microenvironment of treated dentin matrix. DFCs presented more remarkable dentinogenic capability than PDLCs
Joo et al[22]	Apical papilla and dental pulp	A cytokine membrane array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	Odontoblast differentiation-related cytokines were more strongly expressed in DPSCs-CM, while cell-proliferation–related cytokines were more strongly expressed in DACCs-CM; DPSCs may exert a stronger paracrine effect than DACCs on regeneration of the dentin–pulp complex, in terms of odontoblast differentiation
Wang et al[23]	DPSCs and SHED	Flow cytometry analysis of cell surface antigens RT-qPCR Western blot analysis	Notable alterations were exhibited in SHED and DPSCs during the process of extensive expansion in vitro and the results may provide guidance for the selection of safe and effective expanded SHED and DPSCs for regenerative medicine and therapy
Li et al[29]	DFCs and periodontal ligament cells	iTRAQ	A total of 2138 proteins were identified and 39 of these proteins were consistently differentially expressed between DFCs and PDLCs. Gene ontology analyses revealed that the protein subsets expressed higher in PDLCs were related to actin binding, cytoskeletal protein binding, and structural constituent of muscle. PDLCs display enhanced actin cytoskeletal dynamics relative to DFCs while DFCs may exhibit a more robust antioxidant defense ability relative to PDLCs

SHEDs: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth; PDLSCs: Periodontal ligament stem cells; LC: Liquid chromatography; MS: Mass spectrometry; 2-DE: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; MALDI-TOF: Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight; SCs: Schwann cells; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; DPSCs: Dental pulp stem cells; CDPSCs: Carious DPSCs; iTRAQ: Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation; DFCs: Dental follicle cells; DPCs: Dental pulp cells; CM: Conditioned medium; SHEDs: Human exfoliated deciduous teeth; RT-qPCR: Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; iTRAQ: Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation.