Generation of mesenchymal stem-like cells for producing extracellular vesicles

Figure 1 Multifaceted origin and application of mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated directly from various donor tissue types including adipose tissue, bone marrow or umbilical cord. MSC-like cells (induced MSC; iMSC) can be induced from pluripotent stem cells (iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell). MSC/iMSC can be differentiated to multiple cells types including adipocytes, chondrocytes or osteocytes. The secreted products from MSC/iMSC such as extracellular vesicles, growth factors and cytokines also play essential role in their regenerative function. MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; iMSC: Induced mesenchymal stem cell; ESC: Embryonic stem cell.