Modelling mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease using human induced pluripotent stem cells

Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of different systems for modelling Alzheimer’s disease[178]

Model system	Advantages	Disadvantages
Animal models	Can be used to model physiological factors such as diet, obesity and hypertension	Findings may not be able to be directly extrapolated to humans
Postmortem tissue	Human-derived	Difficult to obtain; May be of poor quality due to the destructive effects of AD in its later stages
iPSC-based models	Human-derived; More easily obtained than post-mortem tissue	Cannot be used to model physiological or epigenetic factors; Large variation between sAD iPSC lines (may not exhibit phenotype); Neuronal derivatives may be akin to ‘younger’ neurons

AD: Alzheimer’s disease; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cells.