Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells from different adipose depots in obesity development

Table 1 Functional aspects of human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells derived from different adipose depots

ASC depot origin	Species	Metabolic status of subjects	Gender	Sample number (n)	Functional aspects of ASC	Publications
SC and VC	Human	Non-obese	Male and female	18	Proliferation: SC > VC	Baglioni et al[85], 2012
					Adipogenic potential: SC > VC
					Adiponectin secretion by ASC-derived adipocytes: SC > VC
					Lipolysis susceptibility of ASC-derived adipocytes: VC > SC
SC, PP, VC	Human	Morbidly obese	Female	12	Adipogenic potential: PP > SC > VC	Silva et al[86], 2017
					IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, G-CSF secretion: VC > SC = PP
					PAI-1 secretion: SC=PP > VC
					Adiponectin secretion by ASC-derived adipocytes: PP > SC = VC
SC e VC	Human	Obese	Male and female	29	Proliferation: SC > VC	van Harmelen et al[131], 2004
					Adipogenic potential: SC = VC
SC and VC	Human	Non-obese	Female	5	Surface markers (CD31-, CD34-, CD45-, CD73+, CD90+, CD105+): SC = VC	Kim et al[151], 2016
					Proliferation: SC > VC ;
					Adipogenic potential: SC > VC ;
					Genetic pattern: SC ≠ VC
					Lipid biosynthesis and metabolism genes expression: VC > SC
					DNA-dependent transcription: SC > VC
SC and VC	Mice and human	Non-obese and obese	Male and female	198 (human)	Genome-wide expression profiles (including embrionic development and pattern specification genes): SC ≠ VC	Gesta et al[152], 2006
SC, VC	Human	Lean and obese	Male and female	12	Proliferation: SC > VC	Tchkonia et al[153], 2007
					Adipogenic potential: SC > VC mesenteric > VC omentum
					Induced-apoptosis susceptibility VC > SC
					Genome-wide expression profiles (including early development genes): SC ≠ VC
SC and VC	Human	Obese	Female	8	MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-5 secretion: VC > SC	Zhu et al[154], 2015
SC and VC	Human	Non-obese	Male and female	15	MCP-1, eotaxin, IL-1ra, IL-6, GM-CSF, VEGF secretion: VC > SC	Perrini et al[155], 2013
SC and PP	Human	Non-obese and obese	Male	8	Proliferation: SC > PP	Fernández et al[156], 2010
					Adipogenic potential: PP > SC
SC and VC	Human	Lean and obese	Female	14	Adipogenic potential: SC > VC	Hauner et al[159], 1988
SC and VC	Human	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated	Adipogenic potential: SC > VC	Adams et al[160], 1997
SC and VC	Human	Non-obese and obese	Male and female	12	Adipogenic potential: SC > VC	Niesler et al[161], 1998
					Susceptibility to induced apoptosis: VC > SC
SC and VC	Human	Non-obese and obese	Male and female	Not stated	Adipogenic potential: SC > VC	Digby et al[162], 2000
SC, VC	Human	Obese	Male and female	16	Adipogenic potential: SC > VC mesenteric > VC omentum	Tchkonia et al[163], 2002
SC, VC	Human	Obese	Male and female	18	Adipogenic potential: SC > VC omentum	Tchkonia et al[164], 2005
					Resistance to induced apoptosis: SC > VC omentum
					Proliferation: SC = VC mesenteric > VC omentum
SC, VC	Human	Overweight and obese	Male and female	31	Adipogenic potential: SC > VC	Tchkonia et al[165], 2006
					Resistance to induced apoptosis: SC > VC mesenteric > VC omentum
SC and VC	Human	Not stated	Not stated	21	Proliferation: SC = VC	Toyoda et al[166]2009
					Adipogenic and osteogenic potential: SC > VC
SC and VC	Mice	Non-obese and obese	Not stated	Not stated	Proliferation: SC > VC	Macotela et al[167], 2012
					Adipogenic potential: SC > VC
SC and VC	Mice	Not stated	Male	Not stated	Adipogenic potential: SC > VC	Meissburger et al[168], 2016
SV and VC	Mice	High-fat diet	Male and female	Not stated	Proliferation in response to high-fat diet: SC > VC	Joe et al[169], 2009
					Adipogenic potential: SC > VC
SC and VC	Human	Non-obese and obese	Male and female	18	Adipogenic potential: SC = VC	Shahparaki et al[170], 2002
SC and VC	Human	Non-obese	Male and female	13	ASC-derived adipocytes C/EBP, AP-2 and adiponection expression: SC > VC	Perrini et al[171], 2008
					Adiponectin secretion of ASC-derived adipocytes: VC > SC
					Stimulated glucose uptake ASC-derived adipocytes: VC > SC
SC e VC	Mice	Lean	Male	Not stated	MMP14 expression: SC = VC	Tokunaga et al[172], 2014
					MMP8 and MMP13: VC > SC

ASC: Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells; G-CSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-Macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL: Interleukine; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MMP: Matrix metaloproteinase; PP: Preperitoneal; SC: Subcutaneous; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; VC: Visceral.