Neural stem cell transplantation therapy for brain ischemic stroke: Review and perspectives

Figure 1 The pathological processes of brain ischemic stroke. After blood was interrupted in local brain tissue, there was a series of cascade reactions following by: BBB destruction, vascular permeability increased, cerebral edema generation, inflammatory factors infiltration, oxygen free radicals and ROS production, neuro-inflammation occurrence etc, induced local nerve cell necrosis and axon network disruption, resulting in reduction of functional neurons and an irreversible neurological function defects of the brain. BBB: Blood-brain barrier; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.