Microfluidic three-dimensional cell culture of stem cells for high-throughput analysis

Table 3 High-throughput screening-based three-dimensional organ- or organoid-on-a-chip

Organ type	Platform type	Cell type	Applications	Ref.
Liver	Organ-on-a-chip	Human iPSC -hepatocytes	Screening of hepatotoxic drugs	Ware et al[74], 2015
	Organ-on-a-chip	Hepatocyte-ESC line	Co-culture of multi-organ	Materne et al[75], 2015
	Organoid-on-a-chip	iPSCs	Tests of liver function	Schepers et al[76], 2016
Heart	Organ-on-a-chip	Human iPSC -cardiomyocytes	Screening of molecular inducer related to cardiac myocyte proliferation	Titmarsh et al[83], 2016
		Human iPSC - cardiomyocytes	Modeling of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy of Barth syndrome	Wang et al[84], 2014
	Organoid-on-a-chip	hPSCs	Study of cardiac maturation	Mills et al[86], 2017
Brain	Organ-on-a-hip	NPCs	Toxicity test with in vitro brain model of Alzheimer’s disease	Park et al[91], 2015
		NPCs	Calcium assay	Lai et al[92], 2012
		NPCs	In vitro test for Alzheimer’s disease	Yu et al[71], 2018
	Organoid-on-a-chip	Human iPSC	Model of neurodevelopment disorder by prenatal nicotine exposure	Wang et al[93], 2018
	Organ-on-a-chip	Human iPSC	High-throughput compound evaluation on three-dimensional networks of neurons and glia	Wevers et al[94], 2016
Intestine	Organoid-on-a-chip	Human iPSC	Study of response to exogenous stimuli	Workman et al[97], 2018
Kidney	Organoid-on-a-chip	Human iPSC	High-throughput screening format organoids for multidimensional phenotypic screening	Czerniecki et al[100], 2018

iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cell; NPC: Neural progenitor cell; ESC: Embryonic stem cell.