Microfluidic three-dimensional cell culture of stem cells for high-throughput analysis

Table 2 High-throughput screening analysis for stem cell engineering

Techniques for high-throughput screening	Advantages	Applications	Cell types	Ref.
Microarray technique	Cell encapsulation in hydrogel-matrix spots; minimal consumption of cells and reagents	Toxicity and phenotypic screening of NPCs	NPCs	Nierode et al[60], 2016
		Studying of the expansion of mouse ESC	ESCs	Fernandes et al[62], 2009
Microencapsulation using microfluidic flow focusing	Multiple generation of 3D cells	Study of embryogenesis	iPSCs	Agarwal et al[42], 2013
	Encapsulation of cells and ECMs; controlled physicochemical properties of gel beads	Study of ESC expansion	mESCs	Allazetta et al[63], 2013
		Co-culture of pancreatic islets and hMSCs	hMSCs	Headen et al[64], 2014
Silicon stamp for spotting protein	Control of gel stiffness for stem cell fates	Study of stem cell niche	hMSCs	Gobaa et al[65], 2011
ECM array	Mimicking of microenvironments	Study of stem cell niche	hASCs	Beachley et al[66], 2015
Microwell array using thermoformed cyclic olefin polymer	Round-bottom array, uniform size of well array	EB generation	mESCs	Vrij et al[67], 2016
Micro droplet array; hydrophobic-hydrophilic surface	Robotics-free sample handling; high throughput; low reagent consumption; high-content readouts	Screening of iPSC pluripotency and proliferation	iPSCs	Zhang et al[68], 2016
Serial dilution generator	Generation of different concentration, combination and temporal sequence of drugs	Effect of cytokine (Tgfβ3) on hBM-MSC	hBM-MSC	Occhetta et al[69], 2015
Microraft array	Mimicking of microenvironments and enhancement of contact	Study of stem cell fate by mimicking niche	Intestinal stem cells	Gracz et al[70], 2015
Micropattern-well hybrid	Compatibility of HCS	Screening of stem cell differentiation and drug screening	NPCs	Yu et al[71], 2018

ECMs: Extracellular matrixes; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cell; NPC: Neural progenitor cell; mESC: Mouse embryonic stem cell; hASC: Human adipose-derived stem cell; HCS: High-content screening.