Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastroenterol. May 21, 2023; 29(19): 3003-3012
Published online May 21, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i19.3003
Table 1 Baseline characteristics, laboratory data, and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene of patients included in the study

Before treatment initiation
P value
At delivery after treatment
P value
Full responders (n = 23)
Partial responders (n = 15)
Full responders (n = 23)
Partial responders (n = 15)
Age, yr, mean ± SD29.09 ± 3.5528.73 ± 3.010.75NANA
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD23.15 ± 3.3321.42 ± 3.610.14NANA
Season of blood draw0.5520.311
    Winter or spring10 (43.5%)8 (53.3%)16 (69.6%)8 (53.3%)
    Summer or autumn13 (56.5%)7 (46.7%)7 (30.4%)7 (46.7%)
HBsAg log10 IU/mL mean (IQR)4.33 (3.73, 4.52)4.36 (4.1, 4.72)0.6634.11 (2.56, 5.44)4.33 (3.95, 4.56)0.256
HBeAg log10 IU/mL mean (IQR)3.16 (2.66, 3.2)3.16 (3.12, 3.19)0.9283.18 (2.85, 3.19)6.75 (6.21, 8.49)0.510
HBV DNA, log10 mean (IQR)8.06 (7.61, 8.44)8.09 (7.53, 8.16)0.563.61 (2.88, 4.46)7.41 (5.79, 7.9)< 0.0001
Vitamin D, ng/mL, mean ± SD25.44 ± 9.4217.66 ± 5.340.00626.76 ± 8.5921.24 ± 6.880.044
    ≥ 308 (34.8%)1 (6.7%)0.02110 (43.5%)2 (13.3%)0.127
    20-308 (34.8%)3 (20%)6 (26.1%)6 (40%)
    < 207 (30.4%)11 (73.3%)7 (30.4%)7 (46.7%)
Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean ± SD113.78 ± 9.29115.47 ± 8.980.583114.3 ± 12.78118 ± 10.170.353
WBC count, × 106/µL, mean ± SD7.83 ± 1.548.61 ± 2.260.2827.63 ± 1.777.7 ± 2.170.918
Platelet, × 103/µL, mean ± SD149.52 ± 56.73155.6 ± 53.010.742137.17 ± 53.92149.4 ± 56.210.506
Neutrophil, mean ± SD5.78 ± 1.386.51 ± 2.00.2895.33 ± 1.625.53 ± 1.960.731
Lymphocyte, mean ± SD1.46 ± 0.41.49 ± 0.490.8231.63 ± 1.141.61 ± 0.490.964
Total bilirubin, mg/dL, mean ± SD14.73 ± 3.2413.61 ± 3.090.29914.97 ± 4.1517.13 ± 4.230.128
Albumin, g/dL, mean ± SD39.21 ± 2.3639.93 ± 2.280.35526.42 ± 3.1937.33 ± 3.680.698
ALT, U/L, mean (IQR)22 (19, 28)21 (15, 32)0.89122 (18, 30)21 (17, 36)0.893
Triglyceride, mg/dL, mean (IQR)1.74 (1.59, 2.38)1.58 (1.34, 1.79)0.1893.06 (2.41, 3.67)2.52 (2.03, 3.21)0.131
Cholesterol, mg/dL, mean ± SD5.33 ± 0.855.7 ± 1.970.3474.87 ± 0.795.56 ± 0.960.001
Creatinine, mg/dL, mean (IQR)43 (38, 49)43 (39, 45)0.95144 (37, 51)47.5 (39.8, 55)0.397
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L, mean (IQR)7 (5, 10)10 (4, 23)0.23448 (19, 72)52 (47, 111)0.199
GGT, U/L, mean ± SD12.91 ± 8.113.87 ± 8.40.67514.48 ± 7.5722 ± 15.190.115
VDR SNPs
    Cdx2 TT9 (39.1%)2 (13.3%)0.076NA
        TC/CC14 (30.9%)13 (86.7%)
    Bsm1 CC20 (87%)13 (86.7%)0.979NA
        CT/TT3 (13%)2 (13.3%)
    Fokl AA/AG18 (78.3%)10 (66.7%)0.431NA
        GG5 (21.7%)5 (33.3%)
    Taq1 AA15 (65.2%)9 (60%)0.744NA
        AG/GG8 (34.8%)6 (40%)
    Apa1 CC10 (43.5%)7 (46.7%)0.847NA
        CA/AA13 (56.5%)8 (53.3%)
Table 2 Factors associated with hepatitis B viral deoxyribonucleic acid serum concentration (log10 IU/mL)
Variable
P value, univariate
P value, multivariate
Standard beta, multivariate
Age (yr)0.377
BMI (kg/m2)0.0490.03-0.245
25(OH)D3 (ng/mL)0.034< 0.0001-0.446
HBsAg (log10 IU/mL)0.007
HBV DNA log100.046
Alkaline phosphatase0.056
HBeAg log100.025
WBC count0.064
Maternal HBsAg at delivery, log100.0030.050.285
Maternal alkaline phosphatase at delivery0.025
Maternal cholesterol at delivery0.0010.0150.341
Table 3 Factors associated with the targeted antiviral effects (hepatitis B viral deoxyribonucleic acid at delivery < 2 × 105)
Variable
Univariate
P value
Multivariate
P value
Age (yr, continuous)1.034 (0.85-1.26)0.7450.727
BMI (kg/m2, continuous)1.18 (0.95-1.47)0.1460.071
25(OH) D3 (ng/mL, continuous)1.16 (1.03-1.31)0.0141.23 (1.04-1.44)0.026
VDR Cdx2 TT0.2 (0.036-1.097)0.0640.09 (0.01-0.88)0.039
Maternal GGT at delivery0.94 (0.86-1.006)0.0750.05
Maternal VD at delivery (ng/mL, continuous)1.1 (0.999-1.21)0.0530.385
Maternal alkaline phosphatase at delivery0.98 (0.96-1.002)0.0810.64
Maternal cholesterol at delivery0.47 (0.26-0.86)0.0150.39 (0.17-0.87)0.021