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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2020; 26(12): 1262-1272
Published online Mar 28, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i12.1262
Table 1 Factors associated with poor growth in children with oesophageal atresia
Ref.Type of studyPopulation, settingGrowth measuresSignificant findings
Andrassy et al[26], 1983Cross-sectional53 patients, age range 11 mo–31 yrHFA, WFA, Triceps skin fold, Mid arm circumference SD scoresHFA SD score lower in children < 13 yr of age compared to > 13 yra
Puntis et al[28], 1990Cross-sectional124 patients, age range 0.5-23 yrHFA and WFH SD scoresOesophagostomy group had significantly lower mean WFHa and HFAb SD score than primary anastomosis group
Legrand et al[19], 2012Retrospective and cross-sectional57 patients, age range 9.5-18.5 yrBMI, WFA, HFA and WFH z scoresLower WFH z score in children with history of GORD compared to those without a history of GORDa
Spoel et al[35], 2012Prospective follow up37 children, age range 6 mo–2 yrHFA and WFH SD scoresThoracoscopy group had HFA SD significantly lower than thoracotomy groupb
Thoracotomy group had WFH SD significantly lower than thoracoscopy groupb
Menzies et al[17], 2017Retrospective75 children, age range 0-16.8 yrWFA, HFA and weight-for-length/BMI z scoreInfants (< 1 yr), those who had undergone fundoplication, were at risk of aspiration and had surgery in the first year of life in addition to OA repair had lower mean BMI z scoresa
Vergouwe et al[18], 2017Prospective follow-up126 children, age range 0-12 yrHFA, WFH and distance to target height SD scoresResults of multivariable linear mixed models showed: HFA SD scores negatively associated with low birthweightb and fundoplicationb
WFH SD scores negatively associated with low birthweighta and fundoplicationb and positively associated with total number of surgeriesb and history of pulmonary infectionsa
Distance to target height SD scores negatively associated with low birthweightb and fundoplicationb
Masuya et al[36], 2018Retrospective73 children, age range 6 yr 7 mo–24 yr)HFA, WFA and BMI SD scoresHFA, WFA and BMI-for-age SD scores not associated with associated anomalies and late complications
Mawlana et al[37], 2018Retrospective57 patients, age range 9.5-18.5 yrWeight, height, head circumference velocity percentile45% of children with VACTERL had weight velocity < 10th centile compared to 13% of children without VACTERLb
Svoboda et al[15], 2018Cross-sectional928 patients, age range 1 mo-60 yrWFA and HFA SD scoresSignificantly lower mean score for HFA SD in children < 5 yr than > 5 yr (P value not reported)
Table 2 Feeding difficulties in children with oesophageal atresia
Feeding difficultyRef.
Challenging mealtime behaviour[17]
Delayed introduction of solids[28]
Selective eating[15,17]
Food refusal[28,30,38,61]
Slow eating/lengthy mealtimes[17,28,38,61,62]
Regurgitation of food[58]
Food impaction[27,30,54,62,63]
Coughing/choking during meals[28,30,34,54,61]
Vomiting during meals[28,57,61]
Texture avoidance[17,57]