Clinical applications of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated fluorescence for gastric cancer

Table 1 Previous clinical reports of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated fluorescence for gastric cancer

Study	Year	Number of patients	Clinical application	Results
Mayinger et al[22]	1999	4	Feasibility study of PDD during endoscopy	All malignant lesions exhibited fluorescence during PDD
Kishi et al[20]	2012	13	Detection of peritoneal metastases	The tumor detection rate was higher in PDD than white light (72% vs 39%)
Murayama et al[21]	2012	13	Detection of peritoneal metastases	The accuracy of the fluorescence imaging was greater than that of white-light imaging
Koizumi et al[23]	2013	14	Detection of metastatic lymph nodes	The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ALA-PDD were 70.8%, 96.7%, and 92.4%, respectively
Namikawa et al[16]	2014	21	Feasibility study of PDD during surgery	The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ALA-PDD were 57.7%, 100%, and 66.7%, respectively
Nakamura et al[24]	2014	5	Evaluation of high-resolution magnifying videoendoscopy for PDD and PDT	PDD and PDT were successfully and safely performed, and CR was obtained in 71.4% of cases
Kishi et al[25]	2014	52	Detection of peritoneal metastases	ALA-PDD detected peritoneal metastases in 21% of the patients, while 46% of the patients had no evidence of dissemination on white-light examination

ALA: 5-aminolevulinic acid; CR: Complete response; PDD: Photodynamic diagnosis; PDT: Photodynamic therapy.