Anxiety and depression propensities in patients with acute toxic liver injury

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients

Demographic data	Group 1 (n = 125)	Group 2 (n = 124)	Group 3 (n = 126)
Mean age (yr) (range)	45.2 ± 13.7 (20-78)	37.7 ± 14.3 (22-87)	48.4 ± 13.1 (18-72)
M:F (n)	1:1.5 (50:75)	1:1.5 (50:74)	1:1.5 (50:76)
Cause (n)	Healthy control (125)	Acute HAV (75)	Toxic hepatitis (126)
		Unknown (34)
		Acute HBV (5)
		Alcoholic hepatitis (3)
		Gall stone (3)
		NAFLD (1)
		Cholecystitis (1)
		Cholangitis (1)
		Autoimmune hepatitis (1)

Group 1: Control group; Group 2: Non-toxic acute liver injury group; Group 3: Toxic acute liver injury group involving toxic hepatitis. NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Table 2 Mean scores of the Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale, Beck anxiety inventory, Beck depression inventory and Hypochondriasis scores in each groups

Scale	Group 1 (n = 125)	Group 2 (n = 124)	Group 3 (n = 126)	P value
Anxiety mean scores of HADS	4.9 ± 2.7	5.0 ± 3.2	5.5 ± 3.4	0.110
(range)	(0-14)	(0-15)	(0-16)
Depression mean scores of HADS	5.2 ± 3.1	6.4 ± 3.4	7.0 ± 3.5	0.000
(range)	(0-13)	(0-16)	(0-15)
BAI mean scores	7.0 ± 6.5	9.5 ± 8.5	10.2 ± 7.4	0.000
(range)	(0-34)	(0-41)	(0-40)
BDI mean scores	6.8 ± 7.0	8.8 ± 7.3	11.2 ± 8.6	0.000
(range)	(0-38)	(0-33)	(0-37)
Hypochondriasis scores	8.2 ± 6.4	11.6 ± 7.5	12.7 ± 6.7	0.000
(range)	(0-27)	(0-31)	(0-25)

Group 1: Control group; Group 2: Non-toxic acute liver injury group; Group 3: Toxic acute liver injury group involving toxic hepatitis. P value by the Kruskal-Wallis U test. HADS: Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale; BAI: Beck anxiety inventory; BDI: Beck depression inventory.

Table 3 The number of cases with scores of 8 or higher on the Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale and 21 or higher on the Beck anxiety inventory and Beck depression inventory in each groups n (%)

Scale	Group 1 (n = 125)	Group 2 (n = 124)	Group 3 (n = 126)	P value
Anxiety subscale of HADS
No. of ≥ 8 scores	20 (16.0)	23 (18.5)	32 (25.3)	0.157
Depression subscale of HADS
No. of ≥ 8 scores	33 (26.4)	44 (35.4)	57 (45.2)	0.008
BAI
No. of ≥ 21 scores	7 (5.6)	17 (13.7)	13 (10.3)	0.098
BDI
No. of ≥ 21 scores	6 (4.8)	10 (8.0)	19 (15.0)	0.017

Group 1: Control group; Group 2: Non-toxic acute liver injury group; Group 3: Toxic acute liver injury group involving toxic hepatitis. P value by the χ² test. HADS: Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale; BAI: Beck anxiety inventory; BDI: Beck depression inventory.