Metabolomics of gastric cancer metastasis detected by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

Table 1 Tissue metabolites in mice of control, non-metastasis and metastasis groups

Peak No.	Percentage	RT (min) metabolites	Match
1	6.1128	Propanoic acid	87
2	7.9894	Acetic acid	97
3	9.8780	Silanol	93
4	10.9850	Lactic acid	88
5	11.4610	Propanedioic acid	96
6	12.1110	2-methylglutaconic acid	80
7	14.9138	Butanoic acid	90
8	15.4200	L-Alanine	89
9	15.9640	Glycine	92
10	16.4966	Urea	93
11	16.7655	Acetamide	81
12	17.5162	1, 2-Butanediol	93
13	17.9103	L-methioninamide	82
14	18.1660	L-Valine	80
15	18.3168	Ethanol	73
16	18.6734	5-Nonanol	74
17	19.1113	D, L-leucine	98
18	19.3427	Pyrimidine	93
19	19.4178	Dimethylglycine	96
20	19.7869	L-isoleucine	86
21	20.4186	Succinate	85
22	21.0066	Propanamide	87
23	21.5133	Butanedioic acid	81
24	21.8323	2-butenoic acid	95
25	23.0521	Hexanethioic acid	89
26	23.8090	Malic acid	92
27	24.3032	L-Proline	91
28	24.4971	Pyrrolidine	72
29	24.5909	L-Methionine	83
30	25.0350	L-Serine	97
31	25.5230	L-Threonine	84
32	25.9421	Silanol	95
33	26.2298	1, 3-propanediamine	91
34	26.4800	L-phenylalanine	96
35	26.5676	Tetrame-thylenediamine	83
36	27.1681	Hexanoic acid	97
37	27.3933	L-Aspartic acid	90
38	27.9563	Glutamine	94
39	28.1940	Phosphoserine	98
40	28.3942	Mannofuranose	83
41	28.7319	L-Glutamic acid	84
42	28.8383	Hypoxanthine	91
43	29.5264	Glucofuranose	75
44	29.7953	L-Lysine	95
45	30.0330	2-furancarboxylic acid	99
46	30.7462	Glucose	97
47	31.6532	L-histidine	87
48	31.7845	L-arginine	89
49	32.0472	L-Tyrosine	92
50	32.1598	D-ribofuranose	83
51	32.4726	Decanoic acid	81
52	32.6540	Hexanedioic acid	95
53	33.5861	5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid	89
54	34.6932	Myo-inositol	94
55	34.9560	Hexadecanoic acid	90
56	35.0435	Docosanoic acid	92
57	35.3250	Octadecanoic acid	79
58	35.4439	Maltose	92

Table 2 Different metabolites identified in metastasis and non-metastasis groups (mean ± SD)

No.	Metabolites	Metastasis group (n = 8)	Non-metastasis group (n = 8)	P	Fold
1	Lactate	4.194 ± 0.595	2.662 ± 0.218	0.000	1.58
2	Propanedioic	0.058 ± 0.004	0.0324 ± 0.002	0.000	1.80
3	Alanine	2.643 ± 0.145	1.903 ± 0.195	0.000	1.39
4	Glycine	0.762 ± 0.054	0.456 ± 0.172	0.001	1.67
5	Valine	1.036 ± 0.113	0.650 ± 0.047	0.000	1.59
6	Leucine	2.447 ± 0.306	1.756 ± 0.204	0.000	1.39
7	Pyrimidine	0.214 ± 0.030	0.166 ± 0.031	0.008	1.29
8	Dimethylglycine	0.372 ± 0.047	0.263 ± 0.020	0.000	1.42
9	Isoleucine	0.772 ± 0.087	0.992 ± 0.104	0.000	-1.29
10	Succinate	0.0794 ± 0.006	0.123 ± 0.018	0.000	-1.56
11	Propanamide	0.101 ± 0.007	0.147 ± 0.006	0.000	-1.45
12	Butanedioic	0.050 ± 0.008	0.073 ± 0.015	0.004	-1.46
13	Malicacid	3.053 ± 0.348	1.788 ± 0.116	0.000	1.71
14	Proline	1.173 ± 0.093	0.479 ± 0.072	0.000	2.45
15	Pyrrolidine	0.105 ± 0.016	0.067 ± 0.0083	0.000	1.57
16	Methionine	1.169 ± 0.099	1.518 ± 0.101	0.000	-1.30
17	Serine	1.742 ± 0.108	1.175 ± 0.074	0.000	1.48
18	Threonine	0.538 ± 0.040	0.632 ± 0.063	0.003	-1.17
19	Aspartic	5.870 ± 0.485	3.839 ± 0.453	0.000	1.53
20	Glutamine	0.090 ± 0.010	0.153 ± 0.016	0.000	-1.71
21	Phosphoserine	0.169 ± 0.0096	0.109 ± 0.012	0.000	1.56
22	Glutamate	3.533 ± 0.310	2.727 ± 0.200	0.000	1.30
23	Hypoxanthine	1.673 ± 0.150	1.841 ± 0.138	0.035	-1.10
24	Lysine	2.304 ± 0.137	1.808 ± 0.114	0.000	1.27
25	Glucose	1.338 ± 0.118	1.956 ± 0.142	0.000	-1.46
26	Arginine	1.342 ± 0.178	0.987 ± 0.088	0.000	1.36
27	Inositol	0.409 ± 0.030	0.314 ± 0.022	0.000	1.30
28	Docosanoic	0.123 ± 0.012	0.076 ± 0.016	0.000	1.61
29	Octadecanoic	0.756 ± 0.103	0.555 ± 0.134	0.005	1.36

P-value was calculated by student t test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Fold change with a positive value indicates a relatively higher level of metabolites while a negative value indicates a relatively lower level in metastasis group than in non-metastasis group.