Meta analysis of propranolol effects on gastrointestinal hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients

Table 1 Point estimates and 95%CIs of the risk difference of gastrointestinal hemorrhage

	Prapranolol group		Control group		Risk difference and its 95%CI (%)
	Total	Bled	Total	Bled
Primary prevention
Pascal (1984)	34	1	35	9	-23 [-38, -7]
Mills (1987)	38	19	43	33	-27 [-47, -6]
Pascal (1987)	118	20	112	30	-10 [-20, 1]
Italian (1988)	85	16	89	27	-12 [-24, 1]
Strauss (1988)	20	4	16	4	-5 [-33, 23]
Colman (1990)	23	8	25	2	27 [5, 49]
Andreani (1990)	43	2	41	13	-27 [-43,-11]
Conn (1991)	51	4	51	14	-20 [-34, -5]
Prova (1991)	68	23	72	19	7 [-8, 23]
Subtotal	480	97	484	151	-11 [-21, -1]
Overall effect			Z = -2.15	P = 0.03
Secondary prevention
Burroughs (1983)	26	14	22	13	-5 [-33, 23]
Lebrec (1984)	38	6	36	23	-48 [-68,-29]
Cerbelaud (1986)	42	17	42	33	-38 [-57,-19]
Villeneuve (1986)	42	32	37	30	-5 [-23, 13]
Queuniet (1987)	51	29	48	31	-8 [-27, 11]
Marbet (1988)	10	2	10	9	-70 [-101,-39]
Colombo (1989)	32	8	30	14	-22 [-45, 2]
Sheen (1989)	18	8	18	15	-39 [-68,-10]
Garden (1990)	38	20	43	36	-31 [-50,-12]
Colman (1990)	26	9	26	13	-15 [-42, 11]
Perez-Ayuso (1991)	26	16	28	24	-24 [-47, -1]
Calès (1999)	102	3	104	4	-1 [-6, 4]
Subtotal	451	164	444	245	-25 [-39,-10]
Overall effect			Z = -3.34	P = 0.0008
All trials
Total	931	261	928	396	-18 [-25, -10]
Overall effect			Z = -4.38	P = 0.00001