Celecoxib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via prostaglandin E2 pathway in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines

Figure 1 ELISA for PGE₂ detection using supernatants from QBC939 and SK-CHA-1 cells pre-treated with celecoxib at various concentrations for 48 h. Celecoxib at 10 μmol/L inhibited PGE₂ production in QBC939 cells by 26%. With 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L of celecoxib, PGE₂ production was further inhibited by 58% and 74%, which were statistically significant (^dP < 0.01, vs control). The PGE₂ level was much lower constitutively in SK-CHA-1 cells (18.6 ± 3.2) compared with that in QBC939 (121.9 ± 5.6) cells (t test, ^bP < 0.01). The PGE₂ concentration in SK-CHA-1 cells was also reduced, but not significantly after treatment with celecoxib. The PGE₂ concentration in SK-CHA-1 cells was (16.5 ± 2.9) ng/well, (14.8 ± 3.4) ng/well, (13.2 ± 2.0) ng/well and (12.6 ± 3.1) ng/well respectively, when pre-treated with 1 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L, 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L of celecoxib for 48 h (P > 0.05, vs control).