Inhibitory effect and mechanism of acarbose combined with gymnemic acid on maltose absorption in rat intestine

Figure 4 The dual effects of GA (1 mg/mL) on the activity of acarbose during the first perfusion (A), maltose with GA and/or acarbose was presented in the perfusates. Maltose contained in the fluid at perfusion starting point was taken as 100%. ^aP < 0.05 and ^bP < 0.01 vs control; ^cP < 0.05 and ^dP < 0.01 vs GAa2. (n = 6-10) and second perfusion (B), the intestinal loops were rinsed for 30 min to 120 min, then 10 mmol/L maltose only was perfused for 1 h again. Each bar shows the percentage change of maltose hydrolysis (Hc%) in GAa2 group versus 2 mmol/L acarbose group in different perfusing times, which was calculated by the following equation: Hc% = (Hag-Ha)/Ha × 100%, where Hag and Ha represent, respectively, the hydrolyzed maltose in GAa2 group and in 2 mmol/L acarbose group. Hydrolysis of maltose in the acarbose group is believed as 100% (n = 3-10). A diminished effect in the beginning and improved effect in the end were observed.