Update of preclinical and human studies of calcium and colon cancer prevention

Table 3 Dietary calcium effects on colonic epithelial cells of rodents

Tumor development	References*
Calcium: decreased tumors induced by partial enteric resection and carcinogen	Appleton et al 1987
Decreased proliferation and tumor formation induced by dietary fat and carcinogen	Pence et al 1988
Decreased intestinal tumors after AMO	Skrypec et al 1988
Decreased colonic tumors induced by AMO	Wargovich et al 1990
Decreased the number of invasive carcinomas after MNU and cholic acid	McSherr y et al 1989
Decreased the number of rats with multiple tumors after DMH	Sitrin et al 1991
Decreased K-ras mutations	Llor et al 1990
Unchanged tumor incidence after DMH	Karkara et al 1989
Unchanged tumor incidence after DMH	Kaup et al 1989
Decreased late-stage precancerous lesion of whole colonic crypt dysplasia	Ri sio et al[26] 1996

*Studies without reference numbers are found in[23].