Establishment and validation of a nomogram for predicting esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with cirrhosis in the control and esophagogastric variceal bleeding groups, n (%)

Characteristics	non-EGVB group (n = 864)	EGVB group (n = 251)	P value
Age (years), median (IQR)	62 (54, 71)	57 (50, 67)	< 0.001
Gender			0.034
Female	281 (33)	64 (25)
Male	583 (67)	187 (75)
WBC (× 109/L), median (IQR)	4.1 (2.9, 5.9)	6.3 (4.4, 9.2)	< 0.001
HGB (g/L), median (IQR)	102 (81, 122)	80 (61, 101)	< 0.001
PLT (× 109/L), median (IQR)	80 (53, 112)	91 (68, 115)	0.001
NEUT (× 109/L), median (IQR)	2.63 (1.83, 4.11)	4.41 (2.85, 6.70)	< 0.001
NLR, median (IQR)	3.3 (2.1, 5.4)	3.9 (2.5, 6.3)	0.006
APTT (second), median (IQR)	31 (27, 37)	28 (25, 33)	< 0.001
PTA (%), median (IQR)	68 (54, 82)	66 (55, 79)	0.162
INR, median (IQR)	1.28 (1.13, 1.40)	1.30 (1.20, 1.47)	0.041
TT, median (IQR)	19.00 (17.48, 21.00)	19.00 (18.00, 21.00)	0.984
PT, median (IQR)	13.90 (12.50, 15.70)	14.10 (12.85, 15.50)	0.194
Fbg (g/L), median (IQR)	1.80 (1.40, 2.30)	1.53 (1.20, 1.95)	< 0.001
ALB (g/L), median (IQR)	31.0 (27.0, 35.0)	32.0 (28.5, 36.0)	0.046
TBIL (μmol/L), median (IQR)	26 (16, 44)	18 (12, 28)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L), median (IQR)	33 (21, 55)	30 (21, 43)	0.08
AST (U/L), median (IQR)	42 (27, 72)	35 (24, 55)	< 0.001
TBA (μmol/L), median (IQR)	35 (17, 69)	19 (9, 37)	< 0.001
BUN (μmol/L), median (IQR)	5.5 (4.1, 7.7)	8.4 (6.1, 11.7)	< 0.001
CREA (μmol/L), median (IQR)	66 (54, 83)	68 (54, 84)	0.96
Na (mmol/L), median (IQR)	139.7 (136.9, 142.0)	139.4 (137.0, 142.0)	0.838
Ascites			< 0.001
No	348 (40)	145 (58)
Yes	516 (60)	106 (42)
Hepatic encephalopathy			0.378
No	783 (90.6)	232 (92.4)
Yes	81 (9.4)	19 (7.6)
Child-Pugh grade			0.018
A and B	647 (75)	206 (82)
C	217 (25)	45 (18)
Propranolol			0.212
No	802 (92.8)	227 (90.4)
Yes	62 (7.2)	24 (9.6)
Bleeding history			< 0.001
No	684 (79)	160 (64)
Yes	180 (21)	91 (36)
PVT			0.014
No	800 (92.6)	220 (88)
Yes	64 (7.4)	31 (12)
Diabetes mellitus			0.669
No	532 (73)	187 (75)
Yes	232 (27)	64 (25)
Etiology			0.729
Viral	371 (43)	109 (43)
Alcoholic	196 (23)	64 (25)
Mixed	73 (8.4)	19 (7.6)
Others	224 (26)	59 (24)

IQR: Interquartile range; EGVB: Esophagogastric variceal bleeding; TBA: Total bile acid; WBC: White blood cell; HGB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; NEUT: Neutrophil; NLR: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; PTA: Prothrombin activity; INR: International normalized ratio; TT: Thromboplastin time; PT: Prothrombin time; Fbg: Fibrinogen; ALB: Albumin; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; BUN: Blood urine nitrogen; CREA: Creatinine; Na: Sodium; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; Propranolol: History of propranolol intake within six months; Bleeding history: History of esophagogastric variceal bleeding within six months; Mixed: Viral + alcoholic.