Network pharmacology and in vivo study: Unraveling the therapeutic mechanisms of Panax ginseng in potentially treating ulcerative colitis

Table 1 Scoring criteria for inflammation-associated histological changes

Score	Inflammation	Crypt damage	Ulceration	Edema
0	No infiltrate	None	None	Absent
1	Occasional cells limited to submucosa	Some crypt damage, spaces between crypts	Small, focal ulcers	Present
2	Significant presence of inflammatory cells in submucosa limited to focal areas	Larger spaces between crypts, loss of goblet cells, some shortening of crypts	Frequent small ulcers	-
3	Infiltrate is present in both submucosa and lamina propria, limited to focal areas	Large areas without crypts, surrounded by normal crypts	Large areas lacking surface epithelium	-
4	A large amount of infiltrate in the submucosa, lamina propria, and surrounding blood vessels, covering large areas of mucosa	No crypts	-	-
5	Transmural inflammation (mucosa to muscularis)	-	-	-