Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections after liver transplantation: Drug resistance, risk factors and impact on prognosis

Table 3 Univariate analysis of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections within 3 months after liver transplant, n (%)

Variables	With CRKP infections (n = 20)	Without CRKP infections (n = 410)	P value
Female sex	8 (40.0)	70 (17.1)	0.009
Recipient age ≥ 55 years	7 (35.0)	98 (23.9)	0.259
Recipient BMI ≥ 25	5 (25.0)	109 (26.6)	0.875
MELD score at LT ≥ 25	13 (65.0)	181 (44.1)	0.067
Hospital stay prior to LT ≥ 7 days	13 (65.0)	228 (55.6)	0.409
Viral cirrhosis/necrosis/tumor	14 (70.0)	306 (74.6)	0.643
Hepatic tumor	1 (5.0)	72 (17.6)	0.248
Alcoholic cirrhosis	2 (10.0)	30 (7.3)	0.992
Pre-LT diabetes	4 (20.0)	47 (11.5)	0.424
Pre-LT use of broad-spectrum antibiotics ≥ 3 days	11 (55.0)	157 (38.3)	0.135
Pre-LT creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL	2 (10.0)	29 (7.1)	0.959
Infection within 2 months prior to LT	11 (55.0)	159 (38.8)	0.147
Pre-LT WBC count ≥ 10 × 109/L	2 (10.0)	59 (14.4)	0.825
Pre-LT lymphocyte count ≤ 0.5 × 109/L	3 (15.0)	103 (25.1)	0.447
Pre-LT platelet count ≤ 50 × 109/L	8 (40.0)	135 (32.9)	0.512
Pre-LT albumin level < 30 g/L	4 (20.0)	85 (20.7)	1.000
Donor age ≥ 50 years	8 (40.0)	134 (32.7)	0.497
Steatosis ≥ 30%	2 (10.0)	41 (10.0)	1.000
Cold ischemia time ≥ 360 minutes	11 (55.0)	193 (47.1)	0.488
Duration of surgery ≥ 450 minutes	8 (40.0)	74 (18.0)	0.015
Intraoperative bleeding ≥ 3000 mL	18 (80.0)	236 (57.6)	0.004
Intraoperative RBC transfusion ≥ 12 U/L	13 (65.0)	223 (54.4)	0.352
ALT on day 1 after LT ≥ 1500 U/L	10 (50.0)	74 (18.0)	< 0.001
Creatinine on day 3 after LT ≥ 2 mg/dL	3 (15.0)	60 (14.6)	1.000
Albumin level on day 1 after LT < 30 g/L	2 (10.0)	29 (7.1)	0.959
Post-LT mechanical ventilation	10 (50.0)	87 (21.2)	0.003
Reoperation	2 (10.0)	15 (3.7)	0.184
Acute rejection	3 (15.0)	65 (15.9)	1.000
Post-LT renal replacement therapy	3 (15.0)	16 (3.9)	0.052
Glucocorticoidse ≥ 1500 mg	15 (65.0)	249 (60.7)	0.702
Basiliximab use ≥ 40 mg	8 (40.0)	171 (41.7)	0.880
Anti-thymocyte globulin use	2 (10.0)	16 (3.9)	0.201

LT: Liver transplant; BMI: Body mass index; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; WBC: White blood cell; RBC: Red blood cell; CRKP: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.