Inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 alleviates hepatic steatosis by enhancing autophagy via activation of the AMPK signaling pathway

Figure 4 Knockout of the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 gene improved glucose and lipid metabolism and induced hepatic autophagy in high-fat diet-fed mice. A: Weekly weights of male mice; B and C: Blood glucose curve and area under the curve of the Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in male mice; D: Serum insulin levels in male mice; E and F: Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in male mice; G and H: Serum low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein levels in male mice; I: Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein expression levels of LC3 and p62 in mice livers. The data are presented as the mean ± SE. ^aP < 0.05 vs WT/NCD, ^bP < 0.01 vs WT/NCD, ^cP < 0.001 vs WT/NCD; ^dP < 0.05 vs WT/HFD, ^eP < 0.01 vs WT/HFD, ^fP < 0.001 vs WT/HFD. WT: Wild-type; KO: Knockout; HFD: High-fat diet; NCD: Normal chow diet; AUC: Area under the curve; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.