Assessment of skeletal muscle alterations and circulating myokines in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A cross-sectional study

Table 3 Serum myokine levels according to the grade of hepatosteatosis assessed with controlled attenuation parameter (n = 62), mean ± standard deviation

Characteristics	< S3 (n = 8)	S3 (n = 54)	P value
Apelin (pg/mL)	121.56 ± 155.93	145.42 ± 104.90	0.576
Fractalkine (pg/mL)	427.32 ± 270.19	499.63 ± 267.74	0.479
BDNF (pg/mL)	6999.39 ± 4117.58	7625.28 ± 6073.10	0.780
Erythropoietin (pg/mL)	2314.56 ± 1846.11	2780.46 ± 1200.06	0.295
Osteonectin (ng/mL)	690.85 ± 177.12	670.19 ± 256.11	0.827
LIF (pg/mL)	3.09 ± 2.20	5.99 ± 6.84	0.407
IL-15 (pg/mL)	2.88 ± 1.72	4.61 ± 4.46	0.405
Myostatin/GDF8 (pg/mL)	420.22 ± 797.45	1170.05 ± 2037.86	0.314
FABP3 (pg/mL)	2216.38 ± 729.02	2003.64 ± 791.00	0.477
Irisin (pg/mL)	385.21 ± 375.98	1116.87 ± 1161.86	0.001
FSTL-1 (pg/mL)	6256.33 ± 5857.72	7746.70 ± 6571.10	0.547
Oncostatin M (pg/mL)	10.83 ± 7.17	11.07 ± 7.48	0.934
IL-6 (pg/mL)	1.09 ± 1.02	3.29 ± 3.76	0.051
FGF21 (pg/mL)	88.20 ± 76.65	130.67 ± 140.63	0.437

BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FABP3: Fatty acid binding protein 3; FGF21: Fibroblast growth factor 21; FSTL-1: Follistatin-like 1; GDF8: Growth differentiation factor 8; IL: Interleukin; LIF: Leukemia inhibitory factor; S3: Highest grade of hepatosteatosis.