Assessment of skeletal muscle alterations and circulating myokines in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A cross-sectional study

Table 2 Serum myokine levels according to the stage of liver fibrosis assessed with transient elastography (n = 62), mean ± standard deviation

Characteristics	F0-F2 (n = 44)	F3-F4 (n = 18)	P value
Apelin (pg/mL)	155.79 ± 123.40	109.44 ± 66.48	0.138
Fractalkine (pg/mL)	511.46 ± 273.69	438.57 ± 249.46	0.333
BDNF (pg/mL)	8234.10 ± 6468.53	5858.89 ± 3471.89	0.147
Erythropoietin (pg/mL)	2822.21 ± 1209.41	2471.33 ± 1039.91	0.286
Osteonectin (ng/mL)	693.27 ± 203.90	622.93 ± 329.70	0.311
LIF (pg/mL)	6.18 ± 7.25	4.23 ± 3.98	0.825
IL-15 (pg/mL)	4.66 ± 4.76	3.72 ± 2.56	0.991
Myostatin/GDF8 (pg/mL)	1148.66 ± 2135.60	889.09 ± 1361.17	0.850
FABP3 (pg/mL)	2067.59 ± 716.21	1941.87 ± 937.38	0.569
Irisin (pg/mL)	1016.74 ± 1110.38	1036.43 ± 1169.30	0.950
FSTL-1 (pg/mL)	7368.05 ± 4937.52	8009.91 ± 9363.92	0.726
Oncostatin M (pg/mL)	10.98 ± 7.45	11.17 ± 7.45	0.927
IL-6 (pg/mL)	3.17 ± 3.92	2.59 ± 2.72	0.661
FGF21 (pg/mL)	95.62 ± 83.67	197.49 ± 198.27	0.049

BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; F0-F2: Lower stages of liver fibrosis; F3-F4: Higher stages of liver fibrosis; FABP3: Fatty acid binding protein 3; FGF21: Fibroblast growth factor 21; FSTL-1: Follistatin-like 1; GDF8: Growth differentiation factor 8; IL: Interleukin; LIF: Leukemia inhibitory factor.