Procalcitonin and presepsin for detecting bacterial infection and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	No. of patients/infection	Mean age	Underlying liver disease	Study design	Biomarker	PCT testing system	Cut-off (PCT = ng/mL, presepsin = pg/mL)	Outcome	PCT sensitivity/specificity (%)	Presepsin sensitivity/specificity (%)
Viallon et al[9]	61/21	N/A	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	LUMItest	0.76	SBP	95/98	N/A
Spahr et al[50]	20/10	N/A	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	LUMItest	0.50	SBP	50/100	N/A
Connert et al[51]	127/36	57	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	LUMItest	0.58	Infection	92/78	N/A
Elefsiniot et al[52]	106/16	54.7	Acute and chronic liver disease	Cohort	PCT	LUMItest	0.75	Infection	61/99	N/A
Li et al[13]	98/27	N/A	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	N/A	0.49	Sepsis	81.5/87.3	N/A
Papp et al[53]	368/139	56.4	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	Liaison Diasorin	0.15	Infection	72/84	N/A
Lazzarotto et al[54]	64/24	54.31	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	ADVIA	1.10	Infection	67/90	N/A
Yuan et al[55]	84/42	48.31	Chronic severe hepatitis B	Cohort	PCT	Liaison Diasorin	0.48	SBP	95/79	N/A
Marciano et al[19]	103/29	N/A	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	Roche Diagnostics	0.098	Infection	97/82	N/A
Qu et al[33]	324/125	45.19	Chronic liver disease	Cohort	PCT	Roche Diagnostics	0.53	Infection	94.4/79.9	N/A
Cai et al[10]	96/61 (SBP), 129/94 (infection)	N/A	Cirrhosis	Case-control	PCT	VIDAS	2 (SBP), 0.5 (infection)	SBP, infection	68.8/94.2 (SBP), 92.5/77.1 (infection)	N/A
Asadi Gharabaghi et al[20]	33/8	N/A	Cirrhosis	Case-control	PCT	N/A	0.50	SBP	75/92	N/A
Papp et al[32]	216/75	57.5	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT, presepsin	Liaison Diasorin	0.39 (PCT), 844 (presepsin)	Infection	53.3/94.4	60/84.4
Abdel-Razik et al[11]	79/52	58.4	Decompensated cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	RayBio	0.94	SBP	94.3/91.8	N/A
Wu et al[21]	88/40	N/A	Decompensated cirrhosis	Case-control	PCT	Cobas	0.78	SBP	77.5/60.4	N/A
Zuwala-Jagiello et al[22]	126/51	58	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	LUMItest	0.20	Infection	69.9/81.2	N/A
Wang et al[12]	259/109	51.4	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	Roche Diagnostics	0.88	SBP	75.2/87.5	N/A
Tao et al[23]	156/78	N/A	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	Wuhan Mingde	0.63	Infection	90.23/72.35	N/A
Khedher et al[24]	92/60	63	Decompensated cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	VIDAS	0.50	Infection	45/96.6	N/A
Fischer et al[25]	114/53	60	Decompensated cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT, presepsin	Artron	0.47 (PCT), 1444.5 (presepsin)	Infection	59/76	50/86
Guo et al[26]	154/54	N/A	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	Roche Diagnostics	0.51	Sepsis	77.8/93	N/A
Chen et al[31]	143/94	47	ACLF by APASL criteria	Case-control	PCT, presepsin	N/A	0.765 (PCT), 404.5 (presepsin)	Sepsis	55.3/81.6	96.8/59.2
Lin et al[27]	386/169	N/A	ACLF by APASL criteria	Cohort	PCT	N/A	1.01	Infection	42.6/78.8	N/A
Novelli et al[56]	70/7	49.5	Decompensated cirrhosis	Cohort	Presepsin	N/A	669.5	Sepsis	N/A	99.1/98.1
Ferrarese et al[28]	251/127 (PCT), 278/127 (presepsin)	57.4	Cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT, presepsin	N/A	0.86 (PCT), 741.31 (presepsin)	Infection	53.5/71.8	66/63
El-Hassib et al[29]	199/101	N/A	Cirrhosis	Case-control	PCT	N/A	0.95	SBP	68.3/72.4	N/A
Verma et al[30]	45/14	53.8	Decompensated cirrhosis	Cohort	PCT	N/A	2	SBP	50/100	N/A
Igna et al[36]	365/134	59	Decompensated cirrhosis	Cohort	Presepsin	N/A	980	Infection	N/A	80.2/82.5

N/A: Not applicable; PCT: Procalcitonin; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.