Machine learning model using immune indicators to predict outcomes in early liver cancer

Figure 5 Prognostic significance of immune-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. A: The levels of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio exhibited differences between patients in the survival and non-survival groups; B: The levels of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in the two groups; C: The decision tree model shows the 5-year overall survival probability of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; D: The SHAP analysis displays the ranked importance of each feature in contributing to the overall predictions of the artificial neural networks (ANN) model; E: The SHAP analysis illustrates both the direction and magnitude of each feature's impact on the ANN model's predictions. LMR: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; AFP: Alpha-Fetoprotein; INR: International normalized ratio.