Imaging characteristics of brain microstructure and cerebral perfusion in Crohn’s disease patients with anxiety: A prospective comparative study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants

Variable	CD with anxiety (n = 16)	CD without anxiety (n = 21)	Healthy controls (n = 20)	P value
Demographic
Age (years)	37.44 ± 7.89	36.24 ± 9.26	35.75 ± 9.06	0.8461
Sex (n, male/female)	7/9	12/9	10/10	0.7182
Education (years)	15 (12,16)	12 (9,15)	12.00 ± 4.03	0.1713
Height (m)	1.65 ± 0.87	1.72 (1.58,1.75)	1.65 ± 0.09	0.3583
Weight (kg)	59.08 ± 10.92	60.14 ± 12.22	55 (50.25,71.5)	0.8573
Clinical characteristics
HADS-A score	13.88 ± 3.86	2.95 ± 1.26	3.26 ± 1.66	< 0.0011,a
SES-CD	13.82 ± 2.73	5.71 ± 1.97	-	< 0.0014,a
WBC, 109/L	11.39 ± 2.62	6.06 ± 1.48	-	< 0.0014,a
Hemoglobin, g/L	136.69 ± 18.86	131 (122.5,140)	-	0.6423
ESR, mm/hour	29.10 ± 18.21	25.88 ± 17.59		0.5924
CRP (mg/dL)	11.78 ± 5.81	5.9 (5,10.18)		0.0593
Duration of disease (years)	3.36 ± 1.59	2.10 ± 0.57		0.465

¹One-way analysis of variance.

²χ² test.

³Non-parametric test.

⁴Independent sample t-test.

^aP < 0.05.

CD: Crohn’s disease; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Anxiety dimension; SES-CD: Simplified endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease; WBC: White blood cells; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein level.