Nomogram based on a novel nutritional immune-inflammatory status score to predict postoperative outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of patients in the training and validation sets

Variables	All patients (n = 829)	Training set (n = 568)	Validation set (n = 261)	P value
Age (year), median (IQR)	64 (44-84)	64 (44-84)	64 (47-77)	0.433
Gender, n (%)				0.866
Male	629 (75.9)	430 (74.7)	199 (76.2)
Female	200 (24.1)	138 (24.3)	62 (23.8)
Type of surgery, n (%)				0.824
Sweet Esophagectomy	334 (40.3)	232 (40.8)	102 (39.1)
Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy	49 (5.9)	31 (5.5)	18 (6.9)
Thoracoscopic esophagectomy	38 (4.6)	27 (4.8)	11 (4.2)
McKeown esophagectomy	408 (49.2)	278 (48.9)	130 (49.8)
Tumor size (cm), median (IQR)	4 (1-11)	4 (1-11)	4 (1-11)	0.233
Tumor centre location, n (%)				0.731
Upper thoracic segment	34 (4.1)	25 (4.4)	9 (3.4)
Middle thoracic segment	325 (39.2)	219 (38.6)	106 (40.6)
Lower thoracic segment	470 (56.7)	324 (57)	146 (55.9)
Histological grade, n (%)				0.138
G1	111 (13.4)	78 (13.7)	33 (12.6)
G2	534 (54.4)	375 (66)	159 (60.9)
G3	184 (22.2)	115 (20.2)	69 (26.4)
pT stage, n (%)				0.305
T1	243 (29.3)	174 (30.6)	69 (26.4)
T2	178 (21.5)	126 (22.2)	52 (19.9)
T3	246 (29.7)	158 (27.8)	88 (33.7)
T4	162 (19.5)	110 (19.4)	52 (19.9)
pN stage, n (%)				0.281
N0	527 (63.6)	369 (65)	158 (60.5)
N1	176 (21.2)	122 (21.5)	54 (20.7)
N2	101 (12.2)	62 (10.9)	39 (14.9)
N3	25 (3.0)	15 (2.6)	10 (3.8)
TNM stage, n (%)				0.355
I	234 (28.2)	170 (29.9)	64 (24.5)
II	231 (27.9)	155 (27.5)	75 (28.7)
III	303 (36.6)	204 (35.95)	99 (37.9)
IV	61 (7.4)	38 (6.7)	23 (8.8)
Vascular invasion				0.184
No	718 (86.6)	498 (87.7)	220 (84.3)
Yes	111 (13.4)	70 (12.3)	41 (15.7)
Nerve violations				0.462
No	725 (87.5)	500 (88.0)	225 (86.2)
Yes	104 (12.5)	68 (12)	36 (13.8)
Pathological types				0.749
Superficial type	257 (31)	182 (32)	75 (28.7)
Medullary type	321 (38.7)	214 (37.7)	107 (41)
Fungating type	21 (2.5)	14 (2.5)	7 (2.7)
Ulcerative type	221 (26.7)	153 (26.9)	68 (26.1)
Infiltrating type	9 (1.1)	5 (0.9)	4 (1.5)
Surgical margin				0.885
R0	809 (97.6)	554 (97.5)	255 (97.7)
R1-2	20 (2.4)	14 (2.5)	6 (2.3)
Weight (kg), median (IQR)	64.5 (34-102)	64 (34-102)	65 (41-92)	0.975
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR)	23.03 (15.24-33.87)	23.03 (15.78-33.87)	23.03 (15.24-30.76)	0.645
HB (g/L), median (IQR)	131 (73-171)	131 (73-171)	132 (73-166)	0.856
NEUT (109/L), median (IQR)	3.62 (1.25-9.47)	3.62 (1.27-9.00)	3.62 (1.25-9.47)	0.310
PLT (109/L), median (IQR)	189 (51.0-527.0)	184.5 (61.0-527.0)	195 (51-481)	0.124
LYC (109/L), median (IQR)	1.51 (0.22-3.43)	1.49 (0.22-3.43)	1.53 (0.31-3.41)	0.983
MONO (109/L), median (IQR)	0.4 (0.12-4.8)	0.4 (0.12-4.8)	0.4 (0.16-2.56)	0.836
ALB (g/L), median (IQR)	45 (26-55.8)	45.25 (26-55.8)	44.3 (32.6-54.8)	0.044
NLR, median (IQR)	2.45 (0.44-21.8)	2.42 (0.72-21.8)	2.52 (0.44-18.51)	0.448
PLR, median (IQR)	125.9 (25.66-981.82)	124.81 (25.66-981.82)	126.94 (25.81-674.36)	0.195
LMR, median (IQR)	3.65 (0.19-17.46)	3.68 (0.19-17.46)	3.61 (0.36-13.94)	0.747
SII, median (IQR)	462.55 (92.33-4841.9)	454.03 (95.43-4575.27)	488.37 (92.33-4841.9)	0.099
PNI, median (IQR)	52.75 (35.75-67.15)	52.85 (35.75-67.15)	52.3 (38.45-64.2)	0.095
AGR, median (IQR)	1.59 (0.64-2.85)	1.60 (0.64-2.85)	1.56 (1.04-2.85)	0.051
HALP, median (IQR)	45.80 (6.6-231.87)	46.80 (6.6-231.87)	44.22 (9.36-203.11)	0.090
SIRI, median (IQR)	1.01 (0.15-14.35)	1.00 (0.16-14.35)	1.02 (0.15-12.33)	0.463

BMI: Body mass index; HB: Hemoglobin; NEUT: Neutrophil count; PLT: Platelet count; LYC: Lymphocyte count; MONO: Monocyte count; ALB: Albumin; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; AGR: Albumin-to-globulin ratio; HALP: Hemoglobin albumin lymphocyte platelet score; SIRI: Systemic inflammatory response index.