Poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus significantly enhances postoperative chemoresistance in patients with stage III colon cancer

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis for chemoresistance rate

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age (≥ 60/< 60), years	0.872 (0.663-1.025)	0.843
Gender (male/female)	1.004 (0.593-1.118)	0.703
BMI > 24 kg/m2 (present/absent)	1.931 (1.658-2.405)	0.007
History of DM (present/absent)	0.997 (0.556-1.200)	0.581
History of smoke (present/absent)	1.074 (0.665-1.209)	0.648
History of drinking(present/absent)	0.837 (0.425-1.102)	0.431
Hypertension (present/absent)	0.915 (0.503-1.220)	0.549
Cardiovascular disease (present/absent)	1.025 (0.694-1.280)	0.331
CEA (≥ 5/< 5), μg/mL	1.231 (0.994-1.398)	0.223
CA19-9 (≥ 37/< 37), ng/mL	1.096 (0.603-1.222)	0.387
T stage (4/3)	1.331 (0.967-1.438)	0.198
N stage (2/1)	1.669 (1.408-2.015)	0.019	1.594 (1.335-1.891)	0.041
Tumor location (RCC/LCC)	1.330 (0.894-1.505)	0.097
Tumor size (≥ 4.5/< 4.5), cm	1.205 (0.983-1.483)	0.105
Tumor differentiation (PD/MD)	1.606 (1.493-1.994)	0.013	1.499 (1.308-1.837)	0.028
Vascular invasion (present/absent)	1.999 (1.784-2.391)	< 0.001	1.803 (1.647-2.089)	0.009
Perineural invasion (present/absent)	1.347 (1.033-1.688)	0.124
FPG (≥ 7/< 7), mmol/L	2.558 (2.147-3.669)	< 0.001	2.214 (1.980-3.014)	0.005
HbA1c (≥ 7/< 7), %	2.867 (2.504-3.771)	< 0.001	2.449 (2.101-3.338)	0.009

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 199; LCC: Left-side colon cancer; RCC: Right-side colon cancer; MD: Moderately differentiated; PD: Poorly differentiated; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.